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PREFACE AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
ACRONYMS
INTRODUCTION
The revolutions that never came
Explaining monarchical survival
Further explanations
1
STATE FORMATION AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
Origins of the Gulf monarchies
Britain and the early order
Independence and state formation
Economic development trajectories
2
EXPLAINING SURVIVAL — DOMESTIC MATTERS
Distributing wealth
National elites
Co-opting expatriates
Cults of personality
Heritage and history
Co-opting religion
Environmental credentials
3
EXPLAINING SURVIVAL — EXTERNAL MATTERS
Development assistance and international charity
Active neutrality: peacekeeping and mediation
Soft power in the West: strategic investments and development assistance
Soft power in the West: cultural institutions
Soft power in the West: financing universities and manipulating research
Soft power in the East: China and Japan
4
MOUNTING INTERNAL PRESSURES
Resources, populations, and subsidies
Voluntary unemployment
Squandering wealth
Poverty and real unemployment
Discrimination, statelessness, and sectarianism
Censorship and limiting expression
5
MOUNTING EXTERNAL PRESSURES
Welcoming foreigners and eroding legitimacy
Western bases and armaments
Antagonising Iran
Israel: the unholy alliance
Division and disunity
Interference and coups d’état
6
THE COMING COLLAPSE
Evolving opposition
Modernising forces
Countering the Arab Spring: the wrong side of history
Bahrain: rage and revolution
Oman: protests and promises
Saudi Arabia: the cracks appearing
Kuwait: ‘The People’s Spring’
United Arab Emirates: opposition emerges
Qatar: champion or charlatan?
CONCLUSION
POSTSCRIPT
BIBLIOGRAPHY
INDEX
